'SOLVE THE CROSSWORD': A VOCABULARY-BASED EXAMINATION OF TASK DESIGN IN EFL MATERIALS
Maqola haqida umumiy ma'lumotlar
Learning vocabulary is an important and time-consuming endeavor for a language learner, and it has been proposed that the foreign language classroom should provide specific support for students' vocabulary development. Vocabulary exercises in instructional materials are a primary source of explicit word focus, and students' learning can be helped if they are designed in a learning-friendly manner. So far, few research have attempted to determine what learning possibilities tasks in materials provide. The current study reports on an examination of the vocabulary exercises in three series of Swedish intermediate EFL materials, with an emphasis on target vocabulary and learning circumstances. The target vocabulary was examined in terms of frequency distribution in general English, and the learning conditions were investigated. The findings imply that substantial retrieval possibilities in the content improve learning. However, it was discovered that the activities rarely required students to utilize the target vocabulary, and that it mostly consisted of high-frequency terms, i.e. words that the learners were likely to already know. As a result, materials creators must adopt a more methodical approach to vocabulary in order to ensure that word-focused assignments contribute considerably to students' learning.
- Alsaif, A. and J. Milton. 2012. Vocabulary input from school textbooks as a potential contributor to the small vocabulary uptake gained by English as a foreign language learners in Saudi Arabia. The Language Learning Journal 40, no. 1: 21–33. DOI:10.1080/09571736.2012.658221.
- Barcroft, J. 2007. Effects of opportunities for word retrieval during second language vocabulary learning. Language Learning 57, no. 1: 35–56. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2007.00398.x.
- Barcroft, J. 2015. Can retrieval opportunities increase vocabulary learning during Reading? Foreign Language Annals 48, no. 2: 236–49. DOI:10.1111/flan.12139.
- Bergström, D., C. Norberg and M. Nordlund. 2022. ‘Words are picked up along the way' – Swedish EFL teachers’ conceptualizations of vocabulary knowledge and learning. Language Awareness 31, no. 4: 393–409. DOI:10.1080/09658416.2021.1893326.
- Bergström, D., C. Norberg and M. Nordlund. 2023. ‘The text comes first’ – principles guiding EFL materials developers’ vocabulary content decisions. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 67, no. 1: 154–168. DOI:10.1080/00313831.2021.1990122.
- Boers, F., T.C.T. Dang and B. Strong. 2017. Comparing the effectiveness of phrase-focused exercises: a partial replication of Boers, Demecheleer, Coxhead, and Webb (2014). Language Teaching Research 21, no. 3: 362–80. DOI:10.1177/1362168816651464.
- Brown, D. 2011. What aspects of vocabulary knowledge do textbooks give attention to? Language Teaching Research 15, no. 1: 83–97. DOI:10.1177/1362168810383345.
- Cobb, T. n.d. Compleat web VP (version 2.5) [Computer software]. https://www.lextutor.ca/vp/comp/.
- Craik, F.I. and R.S. Lockhart. 1972. Levels of processing: a framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11, no. 6: 671–84.
- Craik, F.I. and E. Tulving. 1975. Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 104, no. 3: 268–94.
- Dörnyei, Z. and C. Muir. 2019. Creating a motivating classroom environment. In Second Handbook of English Language Teaching, ed. X. Gao, 719–36. Cham: Springer.
- Eckerth, J. and P. Tavakoli. 2012. The effects of word exposure frequency and elaboration of word processing on incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition through Reading. Language Teaching Research 16, no. 2: 227–52. DOI:10.1177/1362168811431377.
- Folse, K.S. 2006. The effect of type of written exercise on L2 vocabulary retention. TESOL Quarterly 40, no. 2: 273–93. DOI:10.2307/40264523.
- Gray, J. 2016. ELT materials: claims, critiques and controversies. In The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teaching, ed. G. Hall, 95–108. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Hermagustiana, I., A. Hamra, Q. Rahman and K. Salija. 2017. Reflection of teacher cognition in EFL vocabulary instructional practices in Indonesia. International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 5: 34–45. DOI:10.5539/ijel.v7n5p34.
- Kilgarriff, A., P. Rychlý, P. Smrž and D. Tugwell. 2004. The sketch engine. In Proceedings of the Eleventh Euralex Congress, eds. G. Williams and S. Vessier, 105–16. Lorient: Université de Bretagne-Sud.
Yusupova, S. O. (2023). 'SOLVE THE CROSSWORD': A VOCABULARY-BASED EXAMINATION OF TASK DESIGN IN EFL MATERIALS. Academic Research in Educational Sciences, 4(12), 97–101. https://doi.org/
Yusupova, Shirinoy. “'SOLVE THE CROSSWORD': A VOCABULARY-BASED EXAMINATION OF TASK DESIGN IN EFL MATERIALS.” Academic Research in Educational Sciences, vol. 12, no. 4, 2023, pp. 97–101, https://doi.org/.
Yusupova, O. 2023. 'SOLVE THE CROSSWORD': A VOCABULARY-BASED EXAMINATION OF TASK DESIGN IN EFL MATERIALS. Academic Research in Educational Sciences. 12(4), pp.97–101.